Index

Abdmoulaie, Golshan, 146, 152–53
abolitionism, 139–42
Aboriginal Peoples, 59, 111–12, 118, 126–27; “lazy Aboriginal” stereotype, 209n47; TRIBE, 129–30
activism, 17, 23, 34, 49, 72, 128, 131, 133, 170; colonial unknowing and, 15–16; friendship and, 104–5; Mohawk resistance at Kanehsatake and Kahnawake, 1–3, 13–14, 71, 106–7, 110, 149–51, 153, 166, 215n34; the oppositional gaze, 21, 117–18, 126, 210n56; against police brutality, 14, 40, 56–57, 71, 102; reclamation of the cinematic gaze, 79–80; safety and, 141; sovereignty and, 73–74, 82, 102, 108, 134, 146, 211n81; against Tamil genocide, 146; Toronto context, 10, 14, 102–3, 108, 112, 139, 145. See also Indigenous refusal; solidarity; individual organizations
affect, 16, 18–19, 75–77, 97, 118–19, 141, 153, 159, 171–73; felt theory and, 35, 134, 150–52, 160–62; melancholic, 7, 32–33, 38–41, 44–49, 67, 181n5
Afrofuturism, 164
Afropessimism, 163–64
Ahmed, Ishtiaq, 113
AIDS epidemic, 47–48, 82, 105, 112
alien labor, 4, 16, 18
Allen, Jafari S., 106
Allen, Leah Claire, 105
Alliance for South Asian AIDS Prevention, 112
Allmendinger, Blake, 48
Amin, Kadji, 16
anti-Asian violence: during Covid-19 pandemic, 39–40, 140
anti-Blackness, 27, 31–32, 69, 108, 119, 139, 141, 187n52, 199n1; anti-trans violence and, 88; model minority myth and, 58; Native sovereignty and, 30, 163; police violence and, 40; shaping modernity, 9–10, 16–17, 19–20, 163, 187n48
anticoloniality, 58, 66
antiracism, 4, 10, 17–18, 27, 54, 108, 139, 211n81
anti-trans violence, 76, 79, 81–83, 87–89, 202n40. See also transphobia
Anzaldúa, Gloria E.: This Bridge Called My Back, 134, 138
archives, 14–15, 22–23, 26, 43, 79, 98, 102–3, 126–27; Indigenous erasure and, 33, 49; of relationality, 107, 118, 131, 183n19
“Are They Lotuses” (Atukuri), 95
arrivant, 16, 18–19
Arvin, Maile, 107, 166
Asian American studies, 11, 16–17, 20, 26–27, 47
Asian exclusion, 37–39, 42–43, 45, 48–49, 90, 97, 104, 127, 166, 193n7
assimilation, 86–87, 108, 122, 127, 158; cowboy archetype and, 3, 37–38, 40, 49–50, 55, 63, 195n33; as cultural genocide, 22, 184n25; melancholia and, 45–46, 48
Attwood, David. See Wild West (Attwood)
author positionality: cowboy cosplay and, 3, 32, 36; grief and, 66; Kashmir and, 2–3, 97, 181n1, 181n3; relative to Oka Crisis, 1–3

Bains, Harwant, 44, 194n25, 197n65. See also Wild West
Banff, Alberta, 89–90, 92, 99
Banff Centre for the Arts: “Race and the Body Politic” (1992), 89
Bannerji, Kaushalya: “Oka Nada,” 110
Barker, Joanne, 12
Bassichis, Morgan, 141
Bazin, Andre, 58, 198n66
Beans (Deer), 1–3, 10, 13, 32
Bedet, Ashley, 171–72
Belcourt, Billy-Ray, 6, 47, 76, 105, 136, 162–64
Benjamin, Ruha, 158
Berlant, Lauren, 10
Bernardi, Daniel, 25
Bersani, Leo, 181n5
Bhabha, Homi, 21, 41, 43, 65–66, 194n17
Bhanjio, Nael, 80
BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and People of Color), 9, 102, 146, 170, 183n19, 213n14; at Banff Centre for the Arts, 89; objectification of Black bodies, 45, 55–56, 197n55. See also Aboriginal Peoples; Brown bodies; First Nations; Indigeneity; QTBIPOC; queer of color critique; South Asian diasporas
Black British cultural studies, 12–13, 131
Black feminism, 11, 76–77, 183n22
Blackfoot Confederacy (Kainai, Piikani, Siksika), 82–83, 86, 88, 90, 98–99, 104, 159
Black Lives Matter, 71, 102
Black studies, 12–13, 16, 19–20, 71, 184n25, 187n48, 187n52; film studies and, 26–29, 189n66; sovereignty and, 75–76, 162
Blackwell, Maylei, 74–75
Blood, Cherish Violet, 159, 216n50
Brahmacharie, Sanhita, 111
Brathwaite, Kamau, 19
Brown, Wendy, 47
Brown bodies: femme, 78–80, 83, 87–88, 95; as objects of loss, 45; playing cowboy, 60–61; queer, 33–34, 71, 80, 98–99; trans, 33–34, 71, 79–80, 89, 98. See also BIPOC; QTBIPOC; queer of color critique
Bruyneel, Kevin, 52
Buffalo Bill Cody, 23, 60, 99, 198n66
Buffalo Dance (William K. Dickson and William Heise), 23
Buscombe, Edward, 165
Butler, Judith, 46
Byrd, Jodi, 18–20, 27, 40, 120, 147

cacophonies, 19–20, 120, 147, 169–70
Calgary, Alberta, 71, 78, 82, 84–86, 88; Armed Forces base on Tsuut’ina Nation land, 170–73; Heritage Park Historical Village, 168–69; Mountain Standard Time Performance Arts Festival, 171
California: mission system of, 182n9; San Francisco Bay Area, 6, 26–27
California Radical Faeries, 86
Canadian Screen Awards, 136
Canadian Truth and Reconsiliation Commission, 144, 213n21
capitalism, 9, 41, 60, 64, 69, 75, 108, 133, 157–58; racial, 4, 20, 27, 49, 72–73, 88, 105, 135–37, 143, 147; resistance to, 95, 211n81; settler, 18, 20, 73, 118, 135, 137, 143, 174
Caribbean, 12, 122, 170, 204n72; Afro-Caribbean migrants, 58; creole indigeneity and, 92–94. See also Trinidad
caste, 15, 20, 75, 95, 97, 108, 205n84
Chaggar, Gurdip Singh, 56
Chan, Jackie: Shanghai Noon, 192n4, 194n25, 195n33
Cheng, Anne, 45–46
Chi, Tseng-Ming, 95
Chicanx/Latinx studies, 26–27
Chickencoop Chinaman, The (Chin), 37–38, 47, 55, 193n7
Chin, Frank: The Chickencoop Chinaman, 37–38, 47, 55, 193n7
Chinese railroad workers, 90; 1867 labor strike, 37–38
Cho, Lily, 13, 75, 185n32
Christian morality, 97
chrononormativity, 155
Chung, Lee Isaac: Minari, 45, 192n4
cinema of attraction, 22, 188n64
cisheteropatriarchy, 21, 84, 108. See also heteropatriarchy; transphobia
class status, 10, 15, 17–18, 72, 129, 148, 211n75; working-class neighborhood of Toronto, 35, 136, 153–56, 162; working-class suburb of West London, 57–58, 65–66
coalitional politics, 10–11, 102–4, 134, 138–40, 151, 163, 213n14
colonial unknowing, 15, 142, 181n1
Combahee River Collective, 11. See also Black feminism
common sense, 31, 167; settler, 15, 40–41
Confederate flag (U.S.), 60–61
Cornellier, Bruno, 94, 124
cosplay, cowboy, 2–3, 32, 36, 40, 55
Covid-19 pandemic: anti-Asian violence during, 39–40, 140
cowboy archetype: assimilation and, 3, 37–38, 40, 49–50, 55, 63, 195n33; commodification of, 50, 55, 59, 63–64, 192n4; cosplay and, 2–3, 32, 36, 40, 55; fetishization of, 44, 46, 53–55, 62–63; frontier mythology and, 51–52, 62, 83, 165, 198n66; Indigenous trauma in, 39, 42–43; masculinities and, 3, 37–38, 43, 47, 55, 63–66, 84; mimicry and, 3, 37, 41–43, 55–56, 61, 194n17; postcoloniality of, 57–60; in Shooting Indians, 112–18; U.S. presidents and, 39, 51; John Wayne as, 83, 113. See also Cowgirl; Hollywood westerns; Wild West
Cowgirl (Lee), 43–44, 46, 48–56, 61–63, 67, 92, 166, 194n26
creole indigeneity, 92–94
Crimp, Douglas, 47–48
critical ethnic studies, 17, 24–25, 32; film and, 26–31
Critical Ethnic Studies Association, 27
Currah, Paisley, 64
Curtis, Edward, 115–17; “Saguaro Fruit Gatherers—Maricopa,” 165, 173; “vanishing Indians” series, 112–13, 118, 122, 126, 165, 173, 208n43, 209n47, 210n56
Cvetkovich, Ann, 118

Dakota language, 105–6
Dances with Wolves (Costner), 86
Dawes Act (1887), 43
Day, Ikyo, 4, 27, 95
decolonization, 12–13, 32, 34, 105, 116, 130, 163–64, 171; social movements and, 16–17, 27, 71, 139–41, 162, 211n81; worldmaking and, 4–5, 7, 10, 36, 153, 166
Deer, Tracey: Beans, 1–3, 10, 13, 32
Deleuze, Gilles, 30
Deloria, Philip, 50, 59, 107, 122
Denetdale, Jennifer, 73
Denver, John: “Country Roads,” 52–54
Desai, Jigna, 24, 64
Desh Pardesh, 14, 71, 111–12, 132
desire, 6, 88–89, 92, 98, 116, 166, 181n3, 205n84; Black/Native impasse and, 76–77; cowboys and, 3, 49–57, 62–67, 84, 192n4; diaspora and, 44, 46, 49–57; settler, 5, 10, 15–16, 36, 38, 40, 59
diaspora studies, 4, 75–76
diasporic–Indigenous impasse, 11, 79, 90, 94, 129, 149, 162; dwelling in, 69–70, 77–78, 174; notes on terminology, 18–19; as structural, 4, 18, 32, 35, 70–72, 74–75, 100, 131, 134, 161, 167
DinéYahzi′, Demian: Indigenous Luv, 6–8; Solastalgia, 182n14
disidentification, 33–34, 71, 84–87
dispossession, 5, 38, 94, 98, 110, 124, 137, 144; displacement and, 15, 18, 104, 109, 135, 148, 185n32; genocide and, 75, 205n82. See also Indigenous erasure; land and landscape; settler landscapes
Diverlus, Rodney, 80
documentary, 26, 34, 83, 101–4, 115, 118, 155, 210n74; ethnographic film and, 116–17, 128. See also individual films
dodginghorse, seth cardinal, 169, 171
Dua, Enakshi, 17–20, 95–97
Du Bois, W. E. B., 22
Duggan, Lisa, 5
Dunbar-Ortiz, Roxanne, 58
dwelling in possibility, 10, 69–70, 77–78, 80, 150–51, 173–74. See also futurity; imagining otherwise; worldmaking
Dyer, Richard, 25

Earle, Steve: “Number 29,” 62
Edelman, Lee, 181n5
Edison, Thomas, 22–23
Edison Studios, 22–23. See also individual films
elimination logic, 12, 19, 99, 112, 119, 184n25
Ellison, Treva, 87
embodied violence, 34, 71, 76. See also anti-Asian violence; anti-Blackness, anti-trans violence; racism
Eng, David, 47
ephemerality, queer of color, 10, 35, 134, 138, 161–62, 166
epistemology of respect, 103
erasure, Indigenous, 12, 72, 85, 134, 137, 193n6; Aboriginal Peoples and, 112; displacement and, 15, 38, 48, 56, 71, 101, 104, 109; films and, 33, 44–45, 48–49, 90, 92, 98, 142, 165
Erdrich, Louise, 73
erotic, 31, 82, 98–99, 134; Black/Native impasse and, 76; Indigenous, 76–77, 79, 201n30; Audre Lorde and, 76–77
ethics, 6, 11–12, 20, 40–41, 90; filmmaking and, 103, 116, 122, 127
ethnographic film, 116–17, 122, 128
even this page is white (Shraya), 69, 81, 85, 199n1, 205n84

felt theory, 2, 35, 43, 71, 115, 134, 149–52, 160–62
feminisms, 15, 17–18, 21, 47, 95, 116, 181n5, 182n14; Black feminism, 11, 72, 76–77, 105, 183n22; coalition building in, 11, 104–5, 134, 138, 150–51, 213n14; consciousness raising in, 70, 199n3; film theory and, 21, 24, 116; Indigenous feminism, 73–76, 105, 134; settler feminism, 166; women of color feminism, 72, 76, 105, 133–34, 138
Feng, Peter, 116
Ferguson, Roderick A., 72, 133
Fernandez, Sharon, 14
fetish: of Black body, 197n55; of cowboy archetype, 44, 54, 62–63; Freud’s theory of, 46–47; of Indigeneity, 22, 126
film studies, 189n66, 191n84; critical race and ethnic studies in, 24–32; race in, 21–32. See also media studies
First Nations, 9, 14, 111–12, 117, 129, 137; Ojibwe mourning ceremony in Scarborough, 159–60; residential schools and, 98–99, 213n21. See also BIPOC; Indigeneity; individual nations
food cultures, 158; in Cowgirl, 49–51, 53–54; Indigenous sovereignty and, 26
Ford, John, 165, 173; The Searchers, 113
Francis, Margot, 116–18
Freeman, Elizabeth, 155
Freud, Sigmund, 45–47, 49
friendship, 35, 49, 52, 54, 92, 141; in Legends of the Fall, 86; radical potential of, 33–34, 104–5, 131–32; in Scarborough, 156, 159; in Shooting Indians, 34–35, 103–6, 118, 129, 131–32; in This Place, 142, 146, 153; in Wild Woman in the Woods, 94–95
frontier mythology, 22, 51–52, 55–56, 62, 83, 98, 165, 195n33, 198n66. See also cowboy archetype
Fujikane, Candace, 15, 17–18, 20
Fung, Richard, 89–90, 93–94, 206n7
futurity, 34, 69, 80, 104, 106, 152, 161, 167; Afrofuturism, 164; antifuturity, 181n5; Indigifuturism, 164; worldmaking and, 133–35, 138–42, 211n81. See also dwelling in possibility; imagining otherwise; worldmaking

Galt, Rosalind, 10
Gandhi, Evyn Lê Espiritu, 18, 20, 194n24
Garrison, John, 105
gaze, cinematic: children’s, 155; heteropatriarchal, 53–56; oppositional, 21, 117–18, 126, 210n56; reclamation of, 79–80
gender, 3, 7, 22, 24, 33, 35, 162–63; Asian American masculinity, 37–38, 47, 193n7; Asian masculinities, 37–39, 47, 55, 95, 148; Black femme figure, 31–32; Brown femme bodies, 78–80, 83, 87–88, 95; cisheteromasculinity, 84, 87; cisheteropatriarchy, 21, 84, 108; colonial violence and, 72–73, 204n72; cowboy archetype and, 3, 37–38, 42–44, 50, 54–55, 63–66, 84; exoticized Asian femininities, 54–55, 197n54; feminization of Chinese men, 47, 95, 148; genderqueerness, 86, 154; Indigenous femininity (as female masculinity), 73–74; Indigenous masculinities, 43, 65, 73–74; objectification of Black bodies, 45, 55–56, 197n55; South Asian women and, 95–97; two-spirit peoples, 6, 76–77, 82, 98–99, 111; white femininity, 55, 97; white masculinities, 47, 55, 63, 84, 87, 193n7. See also heteropatriarchy; QTBIPOC; trans people, politics, and community
genocide, 29–30, 75, 137, 184n25, 187n48, 205n82; policy and, 22, 73, 127; Tamil Genocide of 2009, 146, 148, 151, 153
Gilroy, Paul, 12–13, 131
Glenhyrst Gallery, 130
Glissant, Édouard, 170–71, 173
Goeman, Mishauna, 77–78, 82, 135
Golamco, Michael: Cowboy vs. Samurai, 38
Goldstein, Alyosha, 15, 173, 184n25
Goodyear-Ka’opua, Noelani, 77
Gopinath, Gayatri, 75–77
Gramsci, Antonio, 31
Green, Kai M., 87
grief, 38, 45, 143, 148, 156, 160, 193n7; author positionality and, 66; in Cowgirl, 44, 48, 56, 66; in “Legends of the Trans,” 87–88. See also loss; melancholia; mourning
Griffiths, Michael, 94, 124
grounded normativity, 5, 12
Gunning, Tom, 22, 188n64

Haig-Brown, Celia, 120–21
haksuba (chaos), 146–47
Hall, Stuart, 12–13, 131
Hanhardt, Christina, 141–42
hanky code, 6–7
Hanky Code (Periwinkle Cinema), 6. See also Indigenous Luv
Haritaworn, Jin, 79
Harvey, Sandra, 163–64
Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy, 74, 110, 146; traditional territories of, 9, 101, 137, 144. See also Six Nations
Hawai‘i, 15, 141; Kanaka Maoli people (Native Hawaiians), 12, 17, 26, 39, 105, 166, 193n6; as utopia, 39
Hayward, Eva S., 88
Hearne, Joanna, 24, 165, 210n56
Helium: “Honeycomb,” 7–8
Hernandez, Catherine, 32, 34, 133, 142, 166, 170; Scarborough (Nakhai and Williamson), 35, 134–39, 153–62, 164, 166–67, 215n46
heteropatriarchy, 21, 27, 37, 43, 72–73, 87, 95, 108, 135; compulsory heterosexuality in, 155; heteronormativity in, 6–7, 10, 63–64, 75–76, 84, 92, 105, 138, 141; homophobia in, 15, 76, 81; Orientalism and, 53–55; regulation of sex in, 6–7, 10, 136
Hinduism, 93–94, 97, 198n66
Hogan, Linda: Solar Storms, 78
Hollywood westerns, 3, 10, 39, 42–43, 107, 111–13, 116, 133, 165. See also cowboy archetype
Holmes, Cindy, 105
homonationalism, 97, 135, 139
homonormativity, 79
Hong, Grace Kyungwon, 11, 97
hooks, bell, 21, 105
Hoolboom, Michael, 128
Hou, Oscar yi, 38
Howe, Leanne: “The Chaos of Angels,” 146–47
Huang, Hsinya, 38
Huang, Stephanie Mei, 38
Hunt/Tłaliłila’ogwa, Sarah, 105
Hu Pegues, Juliana, 15, 20, 172, 184n25
Hutcheon, Linda, 41, 56
hypervisibility, 25, 80, 119

ILL NANA / DiverseCity Dance Company, 139–40
ImagiNATIVE film festival, 103
imagining otherwise, 4–5, 10, 16, 28–30, 72–73, 109, 165–67; in Scarborough, 153–55, 158–59; in This Place, 152–53, 162. See also dwelling in possibility; futurity; worldmaking
Imarisha, Walidah, 133
imperialism, 17, 24, 40, 49, 107–8, 122, 170, 184n25, 185n32; American, 2, 12, 38, 50–53, 58–59, 72–73, 133; anti-imperial solidarity, 27, 116; British, 4, 57–59, 63; transnational relationships in, 9, 13, 19–20, 23, 57–58, 66, 137
India, 97, 113, 181n3, 210n74; Adivasi people, 128–29, 210n72; partition of, 111; Sardar Sarovar dam project, 102, 128
Indian Act (Canada), 9, 194n23
Indigeneity, 17, 34, 121, 124, 138, 143, 159–60; as BIPOC, 9, 89, 102, 146, 170, 183n19, 213n14; casting choices and, 159; cowboy archetype and, 32–33, 38–40, 43, 46–47, 50, 52, 56, 58–61, 65–66, 99, 111–14, 165, 194n17; creole Indigeneity, 92–94; femininity (as female masculinity) and, 73–74; feminism and, 73–76, 105, 134; fetishization of, 22, 126; genderqueerness and, 86; genocide and, 22, 30, 73, 75, 127, 137, 184n25, 187n48, 205n82; imaginary Indian, 107, 112, 115, 122, 126–27; impasse with Blackness, 76; impasse with diaspora (see diasporic–Indigenous impasse); masculinities and, 43, 65, 73–74; migration and, 9, 20–21, 40, 74, 104, 148, 164; “noble savage” stereotype, 98, 209n47; as QTBIPOC, 10–11, 33, 71, 135, 139–42, 154, 166; queer Indigenous relationality, 6–7; savagery and, 29–30, 46, 58–59, 65, 83, 97; two-spirit peoples, 6, 76–77, 82, 98–99, 111. See also Aboriginal Peoples; First Nations; Indigenous erasure; Indigenous knowledge; Indigenous refusal; sovereignty; individual nations
Indigenous erasure, 12, 72, 85, 134, 137, 193n6; Aboriginal Peoples and, 112; displacement and, 15, 38, 48, 56, 71, 101, 104, 109; films and, 33, 44–45, 48–49, 90, 92, 98, 142, 165. See also dispossession; settler landscapes
Indigenous knowledge, 5–6, 16, 41, 74–75, 98, 173–74
Indigenous Luv (DinéYahzi′), 6–8, 182n14
Indigenous refusal, 12, 101, 108–9, 112, 116, 119, 126–27, 211n81; friendship and, 34, 103, 106, 129, 131; Mohawk resistance as, 1–3, 13–14, 71, 106–7, 110, 149–51, 153, 166, 215n34. See also activism; land and landscape; sovereignty
Indigenous studies, 4, 6, 13–14, 17, 26–27, 36, 45, 71, 78, 164; as Native studies, 16, 19–20, 39, 47, 187n52; queer Indigenous studies, 72, 75–77, 82, 105–6, 136, 162–63. See also Native studies
Indigifuturism, 164
inner worlds, 37, 39, 41, 55–56, 113, 159
intimacies, 5, 44, 76, 89, 99, 134, 156–57, 162; beyond biological reproduction, 104, 164; of four continents, 20, 24; interracial, 35, 38, 48, 54, 95, 135–36, 145, 148–51, 191n81, 212n3; of labor exploitation, 37; of migration, 147–48; of photographs, 112–13, 118, 131, 210n56; of U.S. military, 51
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) Confederacy, 74, 110, 146; traditional territories of, 9, 101, 137, 144. See also Six Nations
Îyâxe Nakoda Nations, 82–83, 86, 88

Jackson, Shona, 92–93
Jacobs, Kawennáhere Devery, 152–53
Jay Treaty of 1974, 101
Julien, Isaac, 25
Justice, Daniel Heath, 76, 78

Kanaka Maoli people (Native Hawaiians), 12, 17, 26, 39, 105, 166, 193n6
Kaneko, Ann: Manzanar Diverted, 104
karaoke, 39, 52–53, 161–62
Karuka, Manu (Vimalassery), 15, 20, 38, 173, 184n25
Kashmir, 2–3, 97, 181n1, 181n3
Kauanui, Kēhaulani, 12, 74–75
Kaur Sehdev, Robinder, 110
Kazimi, Ali, 14, 18, 32, 34–35, 109–12, 166, 170, 206n6; Beyond Extinction, 102; Continuous Journey, 102, 127; Narmada, 102, 128–29. See also Shooting Indians
Keeling, Kara, 21–22, 24, 30–31, 191nn87–88
Khosla, Punam, 14
Kim, Sang: Ballad of a Karaoke Cowboy, 38–39
King, Rodney, 40
King, Tiffany Lethabo, 19, 27, 75–77, 163–64, 184n25, 201n25
kinship, 1–2, 6, 69, 97, 136; beyond blood, 85–86, 105; Indigeneity and, 43, 75, 105–6, 134, 150, 157, 162, 164; as site of regulation, 72
Komagata Maru incident, 102, 127
Kotef, Hagar, 16
Kuo, Yowshien, 38

labor strike of 1867, 37–38
LaFavor, Carole, 76, 82
Lakota Sioux People: in Dances with Wolves, 86; in Sioux Ghost Dance, 23
land and landscape, 4–5, 7, 32, 40, 73, 78, 128, 131, 137, 155; cinematic land acknowledgments, 135, 144; diasporic homelands, 12, 21, 75, 79–81, 120–21, 141; grounded normativity and, 12; land acknowledgments, 69–70, 135, 143–45; Land Back Movement, 162; land-based knowledge, 140–41; land pedagogies, 74; in Mootoo’s work, 33–34, 70–71, 89–97, 100, 204n72; No Dakota Access Pipeline, 102, 163–64; reclamation of, 19, 26, 43, 82, 97–99, 140, 169–70, 193n7, 211n81; settler landscapes, 16, 22, 33–34, 53, 71, 101, 111, 166, 183n15, 184n25, 205n82, 209n47; in Shraya’s work, 69–71, 79–83, 85–86, 88, 202n44; sovereignty and, 20, 75–77, 82, 108, 110, 134, 163–64, 211n81. See also dispossession; Indigenous erasure; Oka Crisis
Lawrence, Bonita, 17–20
Lee, Alexander, 141
Lee, Helen: The Art of Woo, 212n3; Prey, 134
Lee, Min Sook, 139
Lee, Ruthann, 135
Lee, Sunny: Chinese Food and Donuts, 194n26; Cowgirl, 43–44, 46, 48–56, 61–63, 67, 92, 166, 194n26
Legends of the Fall (Zwick), 34, 71, 82–88
“Legends of the Trans” (Shraya), 33–34, 71, 78, 82–88
Lin, Tom: The Thousand Crimes of Ming Tsu, 39, 193n7
linguistic privilege, 129, 211n75
London, England, 33; racism in East London, 56–57; Southall setting of Wild West, 56–57, 62, 197n65
Lorde, Audre, 11, 76–77, 183n22
loss, 44–46, 56, 66, 88, 143, 156; of diasporic–Indigenous relationality, 32–33, 47–49, 67, 128; of trans community, 87–88. See also grief; melancholia; mourning
Lowe, Lisa, 20, 24, 49
Lugones, María, 150–51
Lumière, Louis, 188n64; La Sortie de l’Usine Lumière a Lyon, 22

Mackenzie King, William Lyon, 127
Manzanar Diverted (Kaneko), 104
Marchetti, Gina, 54
Marez, Curtis, 21
Marvellous Grounds, 71, 139, 141, 183n19, 216n50
Matlabi, Afshin: Natives, 130–31
Mauss, Marcel, 108
McGillis, Roderick, 64
McGranahan, Carole, 108–9
Medak-Saltzman, Danika, 27
media studies, 24, 27, 29, 189n66, 191n84. See also film studies
melancholia, 7, 32–33, 38–41, 44–49, 67, 181n5. See also grief; loss; mourning
Mercer, Kobena, 21, 25
Métis Nation, 6, 82–83, 86, 88, 111, 144, 162
migration, 12, 62, 130, 143, 151, 153; Afro-Caribbean migrants, 58; forced, 13, 18, 97, 187n48; Indigenous, 9, 20–21, 40, 74, 104, 148, 164; intimacies of, 147–48; melancholia and, 44, 181n5; migrant justice activists, 102, 132; South Asian diasporas and, 9, 21, 57–58, 95
Million, Dian, 2, 5, 43
minstrelsy, 23
Miranda, Deborah, 76, 182n9
Mitchell, Nick, 29
Mitra, Srimoyee, 130
model minority myth, 14, 57–58, 112
Mohawk Nation: Kahnawake nationalism, 13, 106, 153, 215n34; Kahnawake reservation, 143, 149; resistance at Kanehsatake and Kahnawake, 1–3, 13–14, 71, 106–7, 110, 149–51, 153, 166, 215n34
Molla, Atukuri: “Are They Lotuses,” 95
Monkman, Kent: “Sunday in the Park,” 98–99
Moore, Lisa Jean, 64
Mootoo, Shani, 14, 34, 72–73, 100, 134, 166, 205n84; Cereus Blooms at Night, 88, 204n72; A Paddle and a Compass, 33, 70–71, 89–94, 97; Polar Vortex, 89; Wild Woman in the Woods, 33, 70–71, 89, 94–99
Moraga, Cherríe L.: This Bridge Called My Back, 134, 138
Morgan, Jas, 6, 76, 162, 164
Morgensen, Scott, 86
Morse, Nicole, 79–80
mourning, 45–49, 156, 159–60. See also grief; loss; melancholia
multiculturalism, 11, 14, 26, 41, 64, 108, 152; Canadianness and, 119, 135; Marvellous Grounds and, 139; in Shooting Indians, 107, 119, 122–24, 131; in Toronto, 9, 35, 94, 107, 122–24, 131, 135, 137, 139, 148, 158; utopia and, 39, 60, 94, 135, 158, 193n6
Muñoz, José Esteban, 5, 84–85, 181n5
music subcultures, 57; country music, 33, 49, 59–67; indie, 122, 140; nostalgia and, 52

Naficy, Hamid, 21, 120
Nakhai, Shasha: Scarborough, 35, 134–39, 153–62, 164, 166–67, 215n46
Nash, Jennifer, 11
Nashville, Tennessee, 59–60, 62–64, 66
Native studies, 16, 19–20, 39, 47, 187n52. See also Indigenous studies
Navajo Nation, 154; 2005 Diné Marriage Act, 73; work of Demian DinéYahzi′, 6–8, 182n14
Nayani, V. T., 14, 18, 32, 34, 133, 170, 215n36; Shadeism: Digging Deeper, 146. See also This Place
New York: Buffalo, 101, 122; New York City, 88, 140
New York University: Asian/Pacific/American Institute, 140
Nichols, Bill, 115
“noble savage” stereotype, 98, 209n47
No Dakota Access Pipeline, 102, 163–64
No One Is Illegal, 108, 132
nostalgia, 14, 52–53, 167, 202n44

Oberlander, Wendy: A Paddle and a Compass, 33, 70–71, 89–94, 97
Oka Crisis, 1–3, 13–14, 71, 106–7, 110, 149–51, 153, 166, 215n34. See also Mohawk Nation
Okamura, Jonathan, 17–18, 20
“Oka Nada” (Bannerji), 110
Ontario, Canada: Glenhyrst Art Gallery, 130; in Mootoo’s work, 88–89; Ontario Arts Council, 102; police violence in, 14, 39; Six Nations reserve, 121–22. See also Toronto, Ontario
Osorio, Jamaica Heolimeleikalani, 105–6
Othering, 25, 72–74, 88, 94, 163; colonial mimicry and, 41–43, 194n17

Paddle and a Compass, A (Mootoo and Oberlander), 33, 70–71, 89–94, 97
Paiute Nation, 37–38, 104
Pal, Rajinderpal S.: “Collective Amnesia,” 111
Palumbo-Liu, David, 40
partition of India, 111
Peach, Blair, 57
performance studies, 164
Phung, Malissa, 18
postcolonial criticism, 11, 17, 19, 21, 27, 57–60, 66, 75
Prashad, Vijay, 58
Pratt, Mary Louise, 117
Proulx-Turner, Sharron, 111
Puar, Jasbir, 75

QTBIPOC (Queer/Trans, Black, Indigenous, and People of Color), 10–11, 33, 71, 135, 139–42, 154, 166. See also BIPOC; queer of color critique; trans people, politics, and community; two-spirit peoples
Quebec, Canada, 78; Chateaugay, 149; Montreal (Tiohtià:ke), 1, 143, 147
queer diaspora studies, 72–76
queer Indigenous studies, 72, 75–77, 82, 105–6, 136, 162–63
queer of color critique, 70, 76, 136, 147, 154, 159, 193n7; the body in, 6, 33–34, 71–74, 77–81, 89, 95, 98–99, 140, 155, 162; ephemerality in, 35, 134, 137–39, 162; limitations of, 138; queering in, 155–56; worldmaking as, 4–5, 10, 31–32, 133–35, 138–42

race, 9, 11, 13, 60, 62, 71, 78, 146; anti-racism, 4, 17–18, 108, 139, 211n81; colonial unknowing and, 15, 184n25; exoticism and, 54–55, 64, 160, 197n54; in film studies, 21–32; interracial intimacies, 35, 38, 48, 54, 95, 135–36, 145, 148–51, 191n81, 212n3; masculinity and, 37–39, 43, 47, 55, 66–67, 193n7; melancholia and, 44–45, 47; racial capitalism, 4, 20, 27, 49, 72–73, 88, 105, 135–37, 143. See also BIPOC; queer of color critique; racism; whiteness
racial capitalism, 4, 20, 27, 49, 72–73, 88, 105, 135–37, 143. See also slavery
racism, 3–4, 14, 35–36, 50, 102, 112, 127, 193n7; anti-Asian violence, 39–40, 140; film history and, 21–25, 28; hegemonic ideology of, 40, 119; Orientalism, 53, 64; relational poetics and, 170–71; Scarborough and, 139, 154, 157–60; Shraya’s work and, 89, 199n1; Silent Spikes and, 37; This Place and, 136, 139; white supremacy, 9, 21, 27, 29, 56–57, 135, 138–41, 154; in Wild West, 48, 56–59; “yellow peril” myth, 54, 97. See also anti-Blackness; racial capitalism; slavery
Raheja, Michelle, 24, 109, 137
railroad workers: Chinese, 37–38, 47, 90, 95, 148, 198n66; Indigenous, 37–38
Ramirez, Renya, 74
Razack, Sherene, 12
Reagon, Bernice Johnson, 11
realism, 25, 115–16, 155
Rebel Film Festival, 127, 129
Recollet, Karyn, 164
Reel Asian film festival, 103
refugee settler, 18, 194n24
refusal, Indigenous, 12, 101, 108–9, 112, 116, 119, 126–27, 211n81; friendship and, 34, 103, 106, 129, 131; Mohawk resistance as, 1–3, 13–14, 71, 106–7, 110, 149–51, 153, 166, 215n34
relationality, 13, 24–25, 29, 64, 102–4, 136, 140, 183n19, 191n78; archives of, 107, 118, 131, 183n19; Asian American studies and, 11, 16, 20; countercolonial, 107, 118; counterhegemonic, 108–12; dialogic, 119–26; diasporic–Indigenous, 10, 18, 32–33, 47–49, 67, 76, 100, 107, 128, 131–32, 134, 166; Indigenous, 71, 73–76, 105–7, 126–29, 163–64; lateral, 15, 28, 41, 107, 109, 145, 155, 204n72; liberal/multicultural, 14; melancholia and, 47–49; queer Indigenous, 6–7; queer of color, 136–38, 158–59, 161–62; relational poetics, 170–73; relational survivance, 33–35, 76, 137–39, 142, 151–53, 164; sideways, 15, 28, 41, 107, 109, 145, 155, 204n72
relational methods, 11, 16, 20, 27–28. See also critical ethnic studies
resignification: in “Legends of the Trans,” 84–85; Wild West and, 56–57, 62; in Wild Woman in the Woods, 95, 97, 99
Richardson, Matt, 87
Rifkin, Mark, 15, 40–41, 71–72
R.I.S.E: Radical Indigenous Survivance & Empowerment, 182n14
risk, 77, 141–42, 159–60, 171, 198n73
Risling Baldy, Cutcha, 5, 182n9
Roberts, Maura, 105
Robinson, Cedric, 22
Rungh Magazine, 111
Russell, Catherine, 116
Rymhs, Deena, 39

safety, 140–43
San Francisco State University, 27
Saranillio, Dean Itsuji, 18
SAVAC-TRIBE at Glenhyrst: Crossing Lines, 129–30
savagery, 29–30, 46, 58–59, 65, 83, 97; “noble savage” stereotype, 98, 209n47
Scarborough (Nakhai and Williamson), 35, 134–35, 153–55, 158–60, 166–67, 215n46; intimacy in, 136, 156–57, 162, 164; queer of color relationality in, 136–38, 161–62; relational survivance in, 35, 137–39, 164. See also Hernandez, Catherine
Schoonover, Karl, 10
Screen, 25
self-reflexivity, 90, 115–18, 128
settler-colonial studies, 4, 19–20, 45–46, 77–78
settler culture (white), 21, 31–32, 45–46, 52–57, 62–63, 89, 92, 126; as dominant, 49–51, 84, 87, 106–8, 111, 119, 130; as settler society, 1, 3, 11, 48, 107, 109; as white settler colonialism, 33, 38, 46, 49, 70–71, 91, 93, 136–37; white settler imaginaries, 70–71, 95, 97, 99, 104. See also Indigenous erasure; whiteness; white supremacy
settler landscapes, 16, 22, 33–34, 53, 71, 101, 111, 166, 183n15, 184n25, 205n82, 209n47. See also dispossession; Indigenous erasure
sex, 49, 55, 63, 98, 106, 154–55, 204n72; as publicly constituted and regulated, 6–7, 10, 136; safety and, 141; sovereignty and, 162–64
Sexton, Jared, 19, 163, 187n48
sexuality, 43, 72–73, 78–79, 97, 135, 138–39, 146, 155. See also heteropatriarchy; QTBIPOC; queer of color critique
Shah, Nayan, 48, 148
Shanghai Noon (Chan), 192n4, 194n25, 195n33
Shively, JoEllen, 113
Shohat, Ella, 24, 28
Shooting Indians (Kazimi and Thomas), 34, 106–9, 111, 123, 125, 209n47, 210–11nn74–75, 211n81; collaboration and, 35, 102–5, 126–27, 132, 152; dialogic framework of, 119–20, 126–27, 129–31; Kensington Market scene, 121–22, 124; photographic intimacy in, 112–18, 131, 210n56; Six Nations in, 101, 121–22; soundtrack, 120; voiceover narration, 113, 117–18, 121, 127
Shoshone Nation, 37–38
Shraya, Vivek, 14, 72–73, 79, 89–90, 99–100, 134, 166, 202n37; “amiskwacîwâskahikan,” 81–82; even this page is white, 69, 81, 85, 199n1, 205n84; God Loves Hair, 84; How to Fail as a Pop Star, 80; “I’m a Fag 4 U,” 80–81, 83; “indian,” 69–70, 86; “Legends of the Trans,” 33–34, 71, 78, 82–88; Reviving the Roost, 202n44; “Trisha,” 84, 87; “Vivek Forever,” 80–81
Simpson, Audra, 34, 73–74, 106, 108–9, 119, 126, 131
Simpson, Leanne Betasamosake, 5–6, 74
Sioux Ghost Dance (William K. Dickson and William Heise), 23
Six Nations, 74, 110; reserve, 121–22; solidarity with Tamil activists, 146, 214n27; traditional territories of, 9, 101, 137, 144
slavery, 13, 17, 29–30, 135, 137, 147, 163, 184; Caribbean context, 92–93, 170–71; transatlantic slave trade, 19, 187n48
Slotkin, Richard, 51, 83
Smith, Linda Tuhiwai, 126
Smith, Malinda, 12
Smithx, Cowboy, 104
Snorton, C. Riley, 79, 87
Snow, Jess X.: Afterearth, 141; Between You & Me, 140–41; Motherland, 141; Roots that Reach Toward the Sky, 141; Solastalgia, 182n14
solidarity, 2, 18, 136; across movements, 102; anti-imperial, 27, 116; with Idle No More, 132, 211n81; limits of, 73, 82, 128; performance of, 70, 85–86, 182n14; settler colonialism and, 4–5, 9, 14–16, 20–21, 27, 33, 35, 49, 53; Tamil activists and Six Nations statement of, 146, 214n27; transnational, 66. See also activism
soundscapes, 7, 85, 94, 140, 150, 156; music in Cowgirl, 49, 52–53; music in Vivek Shraya’s work, 80, 83, 85; sonic dissonance, 120, 169; in Untunnelling Vision, 167–69, 171–73, 175
Southall Youth Movement, 56
South Asian diasporas, 44, 90–91, 103, 107, 129–32, 160; activism and, 14, 35, 56–57, 107–8, 110–12; in early Canadian history, 97, 127; hybridity and, 67, 75, 95–97; indigenization of the cowboy in, 60–61, 195n33; migration patterns and, 9, 21, 57–58, 95; Mohawk resistance and, 14, 71, 110; in Southall, London, 56–60. See also individual artists and organizations
South Asians in Solidarity with Idle No More, 132, 211n81
South Asian Visual Arts Collective (SAVAC), 103, 129–30
sovereignty, 6–7, 12–14, 33, 35, 51, 124, 193n6; activism and, 73–74, 82, 102, 108, 134, 146, 211n81; anti-Blackness and, 30, 163–64; definition, 74; embodied experience and, 75–76, 82, 162–63; food cultures and, 26; health and, 82; in Kashmir, 181n3; sovereign death drive, 73; visual, 109, 136–37, 164, 191n88. See also Indigenous refusal; land and landscape
Spade, Dean, 141
Spence, Louise, 25
Sri Lanka, 147; 2009 Tamil genocide in, 146, 148, 153
Stam, Robert, 24–25, 28
Stanley, Eric, 79, 202n40
Stimson, Adrian: “The Life and Times of Buffalo Boy,” 98–99
Stryker, Susan, 64
Sulong Theatre Collective, 154

Tahmahkera, Dustin, 24, 120
TallBear, Kim, 105–6, 164
Tam, Kenneth, 48; Silent Spikes, 37–38
Tamil Genocide of 2009, 146, 148, 151, 153
Tasker, Yvonne, 55
Tatonetti, Lisa, 65, 73, 76–77, 98
This Bridge Called My Back (Moraga and Anzaldúa), 134, 138
This Place (Nayani), 134, 166–67; displacement in, 146–50; felt connections in, 35, 149–51, 162, 164; land acknowledgement and, 135, 143–45; queer of color relationality in, 136–38, 161–62; relational survivance in, 137–39, 142, 152–53, 164
Thobani, Sunera, 12
Thomas, Jeffrey, 34–35, 101, 103, 109–10, 112, 210n56; Bear Portrait Series, 121, 124; Shooting Indians, 34, 103, 120
Tiongson, Antonio, Jr., 27
Tongson, Karen, 52
Toronto, Ontario, 2, 9–10, 78, 80, 88, 183n15, 189n66; Church Street, 139–40; Desh Pardesh, 14, 71, 111–12, 132; Kazimi and, 102–3, 107–8, 112, 129; land acknowledgements and, 135, 143–45; Marvellous Grounds, 71, 139, 183n19; in Scarborough, 35, 153–54, 157–59, 166; in Shooting Indians, 107, 112, 121–22, 124, 130, 210n67; in This Place, 135–37, 139, 142–46, 148, 153
Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), 44, 136, 212n7
transgender studies, 87
trans people, politics, and community: abolitionism in, 141; anti-trans violence, 79, 81, 83, 87–89, 202n40; beauty in, 80–81, 87; disidentification in, 33–34, 84, 87; notes on terminology, 139, 200n5; transfemininity, 78–80, 83, 87–88; transgenderness, 64–65; trans negativity, 88; transnormativity, 79; transphobia, 7, 76, 81. See also QTBIPOC; two-spirit peoples
transphobia, 7, 76, 81. See also anti-trans violence
Trask, Haunani-Kay, 17–19
TRIBE, 129–30
Trinh T. Minh-ha, 21, 115; Reassemblage, 116
Trinidad, 88–89, 93–94, 97, 204n72; Chaguaramas, 92, 204n68
Tsuut’ina Nation, 82–83, 86, 88, 169–70, 172–73
two-spirit peoples, 6, 76–77, 82, 98–99, 111. See also QTBIPOC; trans people, politics, and community

University of California system: Berkeley, 27, 189n66; Riverside, 27
unlearning, 117, 126–27
utopia, 5, 39, 60, 62, 105, 142, 181n5; in Scarborough, 158–59

Villeneuve, Phil, 80
violence, 106, 111, 119, 133, 137, 141, 147, 157, 163; anti-Asian, 39–40, 140; capitalist, 9, 135; colonial, 2–3, 11, 15–16, 22, 24, 37, 41, 45–52, 70–72, 76–77, 98–101, 109, 166, 170, 187n52, 193n6; domestic, 156; embodied, 34, 71, 76; gendered, 35; heteropatriarchal, 72–73; lateral, 28, 145, 204n72; police, 1, 14, 39–40, 56–57, 71, 102, 164; racial, 11, 28–31, 35–36, 38, 72, 77, 98–100, 199n1; regenerative, 86; religious, 97; sexual, 74, 82; structural, 19, 26–30, 70, 76, 88–89, 104, 142, 150, 152–53, 184n25; totalizing, 31, 34; transphobic, 7, 76, 79, 81–83, 87–89, 202n40; white supremacy, 9, 21, 27, 29, 56–57, 135, 138–41, 154. See also anti-Blackness; racism; slavery
Vizenor, Gerald, 35, 76, 137
voiceover narration, 86, 140; in Narmada, 128; in A Paddle and a Compass, 90–91; in Shooting Indians, 113, 117–18, 121, 127; in Silent Spikes, 37; in Wild Woman in the Woods, 94–95
Vowel, Chelsea, 144

Warner, Michael, 10
Wayne, John, 83, 113
westerns (Hollywood), 3, 10, 39, 42–43, 107, 111–13, 116, 133, 165, 198n66. See also cowboy archetype
whiteness, 1, 12, 15, 72, 82, 85–86, 88, 133, 138; cowboy archetype and, 32–33, 38–41, 50, 54–57, 59, 63, 67, 84, 113; femininity and, 55, 97; feminism and, 166; in film studies, 22–23, 25, 29, 32; food culture and, 53–54, 196n51; masculinities and, 47, 55, 63, 84, 87, 193n7; multiculturalism and, 94, 119, 158; racially coded language for, 198n72; transnational, 23, 57. See also assimilation; race; settler culture (white); white supremacy
white supremacy, 19, 21, 27, 29, 56–57, 135, 138–41, 154
Wilderson, Frank, III, 19, 28–30, 163, 187n48, 191n84
Wild West (Attwood), 43, 166, 194n25, 197n65; cowboy obsession in, 44, 46–47, 56–67, 84, 198n73; gendered Orientalism in, 64; melancholia and, 33, 44, 46–49, 67; synopsis, 58–62
Wild Woman in the Woods (Mootoo), 33, 70–71, 89, 94–99
Williamson, Rich: Scarborough, 35, 134–39, 153–62, 164, 166–67, 215n46
Wilson, Alex, 82
women of color feminism, 72, 76, 105, 133; This Bridge Called My Back, 134, 138
Wong, Rita, 32, 108
worldmaking, 7, 36, 137, 153, 166, 211n81; queer of color, 4–5, 10, 31–32, 133–35, 138–42; significance to book, 4–11. See also dwelling in possibility; futurity; imagining otherwise
Wynter, Sylvia, 9

Yau, John: “Hawaiian Cowboys,” 39, 43, 193n6
Yellow Bird, Michael, 41–43
“yellow peril,” 54, 97
Yoon, Jin-Me, 95; Untunnelling Vision, 167–74
Yoon, Jin-Sun, 170–71
Yoon-Henderson, Hanum, 169, 171

Zhang, C. Pam: How Much of These Hills Is Gold, 39, 193n7

Author Biography

Core Text

Notes

Show the following:

Adjust appearance:

Index

Annotate